What are the main clinical features of Arnold-Chiari malformation?

• non-communicating hydrocephalus may develop as a result of obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow
• headache
• syringomyelia

What are the main causes of Arnold-Chiari malformation?

Malformations may be congenital or acquired through trauma

What is the pathophysiology of Arnold-Chiari malformation?

downward displacement, or herniation, of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum