What is Aortic stenosis?

Iis the narrowing of the exit of the left ventricle of the heart

What type of murmur is heard in Aortic stenosis?

ejection systolic murmur

What are the clinical features of symptomatic aortic stenosis?

• chest pain
• dyspnoea
• syncope / presyncope (e.g. exertional dizziness)
• murmur

What pulse characteristics are seen in severe aortic stenosis

• narrow pulse pressure
• slow rising pulse

What are the causes of aortic stenosis?

• degenerative calcification (most common cause in older patients > 65 years)
• bicuspid aortic valve (most common cause in younger patients < 65 years)
• William's syndrome (supravalvular aortic stenosis)
• post-rheumatic disease
• subvalvular: HOCM

What are the criteria for valve replacement in Aortic stenosis?

• if symptomatic then valve replacement
• if asymptomatic but valvular gradient > 40 mmHg and with features such as left ventricular systolic dysfunction then consider surgery